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Termites are less likely to be assaulted by parasites than bees, wasps and ants, since they're usually well protected in their own mounds.122 Nevertheless, termites are infected by a variety of parasites. Some of them include dipteran flies,123 Pyemotes mites, and also a large number of nematode parasites. Many nematode parasites are in the order Rhabditida; many others are in the genus Mermis, Diplogaster aerivora and Harteria gallinarum.
M. anispliae is known to weaken the termite immune system. Infection with A. nomius only takes place when a colony is under great anxiety. .
Termites are infected by viruses including Entomopoxvirinae and the Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus.130131
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Foraging behavior depends on the type of termite. For example, certain species feed on the timber structures they inhabit, and many others harvest food that is near the nest.132 Most employees are seldom found out in the open, and do not forage unprotected; they rely on sheeting and runways to protect them from predators.
When they find a food source, they communicate with other soldiers and a small force of workers starts to emerge. In the second stage, workers appear in massive numbers in the website. The third phase is indicated by a decrease in the number of soldiers present and an increase in the number of workers.136 Isolated termite workers may engage in Lvy flight behavior as an optimised way for finding their nestmates or foraging for food.137.
Competition between two colonies consistently ends in agonistic behavior towards each other, resulting in fights. These fights can lead to mortality on either side and, in some situations, the gain or loss of land.138139"Cemetery pits" could be present, where the bodies of dead termites are buried.140
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Studies show that when termites encounter each other in foraging areas, some of the termites deliberately block passages to prevent other termites from entering.134141 Dead termites from different colonies found in exploratory tunnels contributes to the isolation of the region and so the need to construct new tunnels.142 Conflict between two opponents does not always occur.
Since C. formosanus colonies can get into physical conflict, a few termites squeeze tightly into foraging tunnels and perish, successfully blocking the tunnel and ending all of agonistic activities.144.
Among the reproductive caste, neotenic queens may compete with one another to become the dominant queen when there are no primary reproductives. This battle among the queens contributes to the elimination of all but a single queen, which, with the king, takes over the colony.145
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Ants and termites may compete with each other for nesting space. In particular, ants that prey on termites usually have a negative effect on arboreal nesting species.146
Most termites are blind, check here so communication primarily occurs through chemical, mechanical and pheromonal cues.41134 These means of communication are employed in a variety of tasks, including foraging, locating reproductives, construction of nests, recognition of nestmates, nuptial flight, locating and fighting enemies, and defending the nests.41134 The most common method of communicating is via antennation.134 A number of pheromones are known, including contact pheromones (that are transmitted when employees are engaged in trophallaxis or grooming) and alarm, path and sex pheromones.
Trail pheromones are secreted in the sternal gland, and sex pheromones derive from two glandular resources: the sternal and tergal glands.41 When termites head out to search for meals, they forage in columns along the ground through vegetation. A trail can be identified from the faecal deposits or runways which are covered by items.
When termites construct their nests, they utilize predominantly indirect communication. No single termite would be in charge of any particular construction project. Individual termites react rather than think, however in a group level, they display a type of collective cognition. Specific structures or other objects such as pellets of columns or soil cause termites to begin building.
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The outcome is a self-organised procedure where the information that directs termite activity results in changes in the environment rather than from direct contact among individuals.134.
Termites can distinguish nestmates and non-nestmates through compound communication and gut symbionts: compounds consisting of hydrocarbons discharged from the cuticle permit the recognition of alien species.148149 Every colony has its own distinct odour. This odour is a result of genetic and environmental factors such as the termites' diet andThe composition of the bacteria within the termites' intestines.150.
Termites rely on alarm communication to defend a colony.134 Alarm pheromones can be released when the nest has been breached or is being attacked by enemies or potential pathogens. Termites always avoid nestmates infected with Metarhizium anisopliae spores, through vibrational signals released by infected nestmates.151 Other methods of defence include intense jerking and secretion of fluids in the frontal gland and defecating faeces containing alarm pheromones.134152.